Economic Aspects of Media Freelancing in the Digital Age

Download paper
Olga S. Mukhina

PhD student at the Chair of Periodical Press and Online Media, Journalism Department, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia; ORCID 0000-0001-8791-6086

e-mail: olga.mukhina@urfu.ru

Section: Sociology of Journalism

With the development of digitalization and especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work and freelancing are confidently being introduced into our lives. Notably, journalism is one of the most popular areas for freelancing. Freelance journalists balance between instability and autonomy, highlighting both the advantages and disadvantages of this way of earning money. The author of this article analyzed 200 materials from open sources (essays, blog entries, posts on social networks and interviews) covering the problem of professional rise and development of an individual media freelancer plus the results of the conducted expert surveys. The purpose of the study was to find out how successful freelance journalists really are in modern Russia, how stable and high their income is, what methods they use to find new contracts, what their attitude is to income diversification and the need to keep accounting, and, ultimately, who they feel like: employees or entrepreneurs. The results of the study demonstrate a high level of satisfaction with freelancing, despite the presence of financial difficulties and the need to take on entrepreneurial risks.

Keywords: media freelance, freelance journalist, freelance journalism, digitalization, remote work, freelancing
DOI: 10.30547/vestnik.journ.5.2023.4060

References:

Canter L., Wilkinson E. (2020) Freelancing for journalists. London: Routledge. 

Dyachenko A., Sorokina A. (2021) Frilans kak al'ternativnaya forma zanyatosti v period pandemii [Freelancing as an alternative form of employment during the pandemic]. Molodezhnyy nauchnyy forum. Sbornik statey po materialam CXXIX studencheskoy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Moscow: Nauchnyy forum. Pp. 59–65. (In Russian)

Gollmitzer M. (2021) Journalism ethics with Foucault: Casually employed journalists’ constructions of professional integrity. Journalism 24(5), 1015–1033. DOI: 10.1177/14648849211036301.

Hayes K. (2021) The Networked Newsroom: Navigating New Boundaries of Work. Journalism Practice. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2021.1949627. 

Hagar N., Wachs J., Horvát E.-Á. (2021) Writer movements between news outlets reflect political polarization in media. New Media and Society. DOI: 10.1177/14614448211027173.

Himma-Kadakas M., Mõttus M. (2021). Ready to Hire a Freelance Journalist: the Change in Estonian Newsrooms’ Willingness to Outsource Journalistic Content Production. Central European Journal of Communication 14(1(28): 27–43. DOI: 10.51480/1899-5101.14.1(28).2

Hunter A., Di Bartolomeo J. (2019) “We’re a movement”: crowdfunding, journalism, and feminism. Feminist Media Studies 19(2): 273–287. DOI: 10.1080/14680777.2018.1434805.

Josephi B., O’Donnell P. (2022) The blurring line between freelance journalists and self-employed media workers. Journalism. DOI: 14648849221086806. 

Kapustina A. A. (2019) Frilans zhurnalistika v XXI veke: usloviya truda i otsenki [Freelance journalism in the 21st century: working conditions and evaluations]. Vek informatsii 7(1): 119–125. (In Russian)

Koshelev A. A. (2020) Cpetsifika organizatsii truda frilansera: po rezul'tatam sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya [The specifics of the organization of work of a freelancer: according to the results of a sociological study]. Tendentsii razvitiya nauki i obrazovaniya 63–5: 126–128. (In Russian)

Kvasova Yu. R. (2020) Sovremennye tekhnologii trudovykh otnosheniy [Modern technologies of labor relations]. Nauchnoe i obrazovatel'noe prostranstvo: perspektivy razvitiya. Sbornik materialov XVI Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsiii. Cheboksary: LLC CSC Interactive plus Publ. Pp. 98–99. (In Russian)

Makeenko M. I., Vyrkovsky A. V. (2021) Osnovnye kharakteristiki trudovoy biografii molodykh vypusknikov fakul'tetov zhurnalistiki v Moskve v 2010-e gody [Work histories of young journalism graduates in Moscow in the 2010s]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 10. Zhurnalistika 2: 49–92. DOI: 10.30547/vestnik.journ.2.2021.4992 (In Russian)

Marín-Sanchiz C.-R., Carvajal M., González-Esteban J.-L. (2021) Survival Strategies in Freelance Journalism: An Empowering Toolkit to Improve Professionals’ Working Conditions. Journalism Practice. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2021.1929414.

Mukhina O.S. (2023) Sotsial'no-demograficheskiy portret mediafrilansera tsifrovoy epokhi [Socio-demographic portrait of a freelance journalist of the digital age]. Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal. Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture 29(1): 99–109. (In Russian)

Norbäck M. (2021 a) Back to the future of journalist work? Entrepreneurial subjectivity and freelance journalism in Sweden. Journalism. DOI: 10.1177/14648849211033131.

Norbäck M. (2021 b) Glimpses of resistance: Entrepreneurial subjectivity and freelance journalist work. Organization 28(3): 426–448. DOI: 10.1177/1350508419889750.

Norbäck M. (2022) Maintaining a Freelance Career: How Journalists Generate and Evaluate Freelance Work. Journalism Studies. DOI: 10.1080/1461670X.2022.2073257.

Norbäck M., Styhre A. (2019) Making it work in free agent work: The coping practices of Swedish freelance journalists. Scandinavian Journal of Management 35(4): 101076. DOI: 10.1016/j.scaman.2019.101076

Norbäck M., Styhre A. (2021) On the Precarity-Spectrum: Exploring Different Levels of Precariousness in Market-Mediated Professional Work. Management Revue 32(3): 266–295. DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2021-3-266

Örnebring H., Möller C. (2018) In the Margins of Journalism: Gender and livelihood among local (ex-)journalists in Sweden. Journalism Practice 12(8): 1051–1060. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2018.1497455

Rosenkranz T. (2019) From Contract to Speculation: New Relations of Work and Production in Freelance Travel Journalism. Work, Employment and Society 33(4): 613–630. DOI: 10.1177/09500170187933

Salamon E. (2020) Digitizing freelance media labor: A class of workers negotiates entrepreneurialism and activism. New Media and Society 22(1): 105–122. DOI: 10.1177/1461444819861

Zhang X., Jenkins J.M. (2021) Journalism Idealists: Influences on Freelancers in the Foreign News-gathering Process. Journalism Practice. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2021.1981152.



To cite this article: Mukhina O. S. (2023) Ekonomicheskie aspekty mediafrilansa tsifrovoy epokhi [Economic Aspects of Media Freelancing in the Digital Age]. Vestn. Mosk. un-ta. Ser. 10: Zhurnalistika 5: 40–60. DOI: 10.30547/vestnik.journ.5.2023.4060