Agenda Setting and the Framing Effect: on the Need for Conceptual Unity in Media Studies of Digital Youth

Section: Theory of Journalism and Media

This article just aims to pose a problem. Based on a systematic review of academic sources devoted to agenda theory and framing in Russian media studies and in the context of foreign works, the problem areas of existing knowledge about the subject as applied to the media practices of “digital youth” in Russia are formulated. The empirical result of the article may be said to include the formulation of working definitions of the media/information agenda and framing, as well as the presentation of a matrix of media text analysis in social media for agenda setting and the identification of framing. In this kind of analysis, the authors suggest paying attention to the tone of the title and the publication as a whole, the presence of crucial values and anti-values, heroes and anti-heroes, as well as the degree of reader engagement, the level of opinion polarization in comments and the like. The latter parameters help provide an initial assessment of how the frame works, its basic structure, and an idea of the audience’s typical perception of the media message in the context of the proposed agenda.

Aslanov I. A. (2021) Predstavleniye v zhurnalistskom tekste informatcyi o psikhicheskikh rasstroystvakh: effect metaforicheskogo freyminga: dis. ... kand. filol. nauk. [Presentation of Information About Mental Disorders in a Journalistic Text: the Effect of Metaphorical Framing: PhD philol. sci. diss.] Moscow. (In Russian)

Barash R. E. (2022) Sotsyalnyje media kak factor formirovaniya obshchestvenno-politicheskikh ustanovok, rossiyskiy context [Social Media as a Formation Factor of Socio-Political Attitudes, the Russian Context]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: economicheskiye i sotcyal’nye peremeny 2: 430–453. DOI: 10.14515/monitoring.2022.2.1980 (In Russian)

Bodrunova S. S. (2017) Teoriya mediaeffectov: neobkhodimost’ osmysleniya i slozhnosti v sistematizatsyi tekushchikh issledovaniy [The Media Effects Theory: a Need for Comprehension and Complexities in Systematizing Current Research]. Vek informatsyi 1 (2): 77–78. (In Russian)

Bourdieu P. (2002) Za angazhyrovannoye znaniye [For Engaged Knowledge]. Neprikosnovennyij zapas 5 (25): 17–89. (In Russian)

Castells M. (2020) Informatsyonnaya epoha: economica, obshchestvo i cultura [Information Age: Economics, Society and Culture]. Moscow: ID GU VSHE Publ. (In Russian)

Chudinov A. P. (2001) Rossiya v metaforicheskom zerkale: cognitivnoye issledovaniye politicheskoy metaphory (1991–2000) [Russia in the Metaphorical Mirror: a Cognitive Study of Political Metaphor (1991-2000)]. Yekaterinburg: Ural State Pedagogical University Publ. (In Russian)

Couldry N., Hepp A. (2017) The Mediated Construction of Reality. Cambridge: Polity Press.

de Vreese C., Jochen P., Semetko H. (2001) Framing Politics at the Launch of the Euro: A Cross-National Comparative Study of Frames in the News. Political Communication 18 (2): 107–122. DOI: 10.1080/105846001750322934

Dolgopolov D. V., Sheremet S. E. (2021) Prostranstvo rossiyskogo Twittera kak instrument interpretatsyi i translyatsyi «povestki dnya» [The Field of Russian Twitter as an Agenda-Setting Interpretation and Broadcasting Tool]. Kommunikologiya 9 (4): 26–38. DOI: 10.21453/2311-3065-2021-9-4-26-38 (In Russian)

Druckman, J. (2004). Political Preference Formation: Competition, Deliberation, and the (Ir)Relevance of Framing Effects. American Political Science Review 98: 671–686. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055404041413

Dunas D. (ed.) (2021) Mediapotrebleniye «cifrovoy molodezhi» v Rossii [Media Consumption of “Digital Youth” in Russia]. Moscow: Moscow State University Publ. (in Russian)

Dunas D. V., Salikhova E. A. (2022) Povestka dnya social’nykh media i «razorvannaya» kommunikatsiya kak social’naya ugroza [Social Media Agenda and “Disrupted” Communication as a Social Threat]. In Media v sovremennom mire. 61-e Peterburgskiye chteniya: sb. mater. v 2 t. T. 1 [Media in the Modern World. The 61st Petersburg Readings: Proceedings in 2 vol. Vol. 1]. St. Petersburg: Mediapapir Publ. Pp. 131–133. (In Russian)

D’yakova E. G. (2002) Massovaya communicatsiya i vlast v teorii ustanovleniya povestki dnya [Mass Communication and Power in Agenda-Setting Theory]. Antinomii 3. (In Russian)

D’yakova E. G., Trakhtenberg A. D. (1999) Problemy construirovaniya real’nosti v processakh massovoy communicatsyi: gipoteza «agenda-setting» [Reality Construction Problems in Mass Communication Processes: the “Agenda-Setting” Hypothesis]. Nauchnyj Ezhegodnik Instituta Filosofii i Prava Ural’skogo Otdeleniya RAN 1. (In Russian)

D’yakova E. G., Trakhtenberg A. D. (2001 a) Massovaya communicatsiya: modeli vliyaniya. Kak formiruetsya povestka dnya? [Mass Communication: the Models of Influence. How Is the Agenda Set?]. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Gumanit. Un-ta Publ. (In Russian)

D’yakova E. G., Trakhtenberg A. D. (2001 b) Sotsyoculturnye mekhanizmy ustanovleniya povestki dnya [Sociocultural Mechanisms of Agenda Setting]. Nauchnyj Ezhegodnik Instituta Filosofii i Prava Ural’skogo Otdeleniya RAN 2. (In Russian)

Garbuznyak A. Y. (2020) Novye media v contexte formirovaniya povestki dnya [New Media in the Context of Agenda Setting]. Znaniye. Ponimaniye. Umeniye 3: 218–226. DOI: 10.17805/zpu.2020.3.17 (In Russian)

Gureeva A., Anikina M., Muronets O., Samorodova E., Bakalyuk P. (2022) Media Activity of Modern Russian Youth in the Context of Value Systems. World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies 1: 25–44. DOI: 10.30547/worldofmedia.1.2022.2

Hepp A. (2019) Deep Mediatization (1st ed.). London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351064903

Hood S. (1972) The Mass Media. London: Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01240-4

Iyengar S. (1991) Is Anyone Responsible? How Television Frames Political Issues. University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226388533.001.0001

Kaminchenko D. I. (2020) Informatsyonnyje povestki dnya obshchestva i SMI: sravnitel’nyj analiz [The News Agendas of Society and Mass Media: a Comparative Analysis]. Mediascope 4. (In Russian). Available at: http://www.mediascope.ru/2663 (accessed: 15.08.2022). DOI: 10.30547/mediascope.4.2020.3 

Kampes C. F., Brentel I. (2020) The German Online Media Market: Online-Born Information Offerings and Their Audiences – a Shift Towards Digital Inequalities? World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies. 4: 5–34. DOI: 10.30547/worldofmedia.4.2020.1

Kazakov A. A. (2014) Freiming mediatextov kak instrument vozdeystviya na auditoriyu: obzor rasprostranennykh traktovok [Framing of Media Texts as a Tool to Influence the Audience: an Overview of Common Interpretations]. Izv. Sarat. Un-ta. Nov. Ser. Ser. Sociologiya. Politologiya 14 (4): 85–90.

Kazakov A. A. (2015) Teoriya ustanovleniya povestki dnya: osnovnyje podkhody i napravleniya issledovaniya v rossiyskoy politicheskoy nauke [Agenda-Setting Theory: the Main Approaches and Directions of Research in Russian Political Science]. Vestn. Mosk. un-ta. Ser. 12: Politicheskiye nauki 3: 41–56. (In Russian)

Kazakov A. A. (2015) Teoriya ustanovleniya povestki dnya vs. freiming: k voprosu o sootnoshenii podkhodov [Agenda-Setting Theory vs Framing: Towards the Relation of Approaches]. Zhurnal politicheskoy filosofii i sotsyologii politiki «Politiya. Analiz. Khronika. Prognoz» 1 (76): 103–144. (In Russian)

Kim S., Scheufele D. A., Shanahan J. (2002) Think About it This Way: Attribute Agenda-Setting Function of the Press and the Public’s Evaluation of a Local Issue. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 79: 7–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900102

Kiousis S. (2004) Explicating Media Salience: a Factor Analysis of New York Times Issue Coverage During the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election. Journal of Communication 54 (1): 71–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02614.x

Kolesnichenko A. V. (2008) Prakticheskaya zhurnalistika. Uchebnoe posobie [Practical Journalism. A Study Guide]. Moscow: Moscow State University Publ. Available at: http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text28/0034.htm (accessed: 15.08.2022). (In Russian)

Kozhamkulova S. (2008) Freimingovyje effecty v novostyakh i ih vozdejstvie na kazakhskogo telezrityelya [Framing Effects in the News and Their Impact on the Kazakh Viewer]. Vestn. Tomsk. gos. un-ta. Filologiya 2 (3): 82–85. (In Russian)

Lasswell H. D. (1927) The Theory of Political Propaganda. American Political Science Review 21: 627–631. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1945515

Lasswell H. D. (1948) The Structure and Function of Communication in Society. New York: Harper and Brothers.

Latour B. (2020) Peresborka social’nogo: vvedeniye v actorno-setevuyu teoriyu [Reassembling of the Social. An Introduction to the Actor-Network Theory]. Moscow: Higher School of Economics Publ. (In Russian)

Lee J., Park D. H., Ingoo H. (2008) The Effect of Negative Online Consumer Reviews on Product Attitude: an Information Processing View. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 7: 341–352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2007.05.004

Malaya E. K. (2016) «Fakty, v kotoryje veryat»: freymirovaniye novostey v usloviyakh polyarizatsyi obshchestva [“The Facts People Believe in”: Framing News in a Polarized Society]. Antropologicheskij forum 36: 180–208. (in Russian)

Manovich L. (2020) Cultural Analytics. Cambridge; Massachusetts; London: The MIT Press.

McCombs M. E., Shaw D. L. (1972) The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. The Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (2): 176–187.

McCombs M. E., Shaw D. L., Weaver D. H. (eds.) (1997) Communication and Democracy: Exploring the Intellectual Frontiers in Agenda-Setting Theory (1st ed.). London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203810880

McQuail D. (2005) McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. 5th Edition. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

McQuail D., Deuze M. (2020) McQuail’s Media and Mass Communication Theory. London: Routledge.

Mickiewich E. (1999) Changing Channels: Television and the Struggle of Power in Russia. Durham. Pp. 289–292.

Nazarov M. M. (2019) Zakonomernosti strukturirovaniya mediapotrebleniya v sovremennoy informatsyonnoj srede [Regularities of Media Consumption Structuring in the Modern Information Environment]. Kommunikologiya 7 (2): 98–108. DOI: 10.21453/2311-3065-2019-7-2-98-108 (In Russian)

Pan Z., Kosicki G. M. (1993) Framing Analysis: an Approach to News Discourse. Political Communication 10 (1): 55–75. DOI: 10.1080/10584609.1993.9962963

Pavlova O. V. (2008) Problema razgranicheniya freiminga i drugikh cognitivnykh mekhanizmov interpretatsii discursa [The Problem of Distinguishing Framing from Other Cognitive Mechanisms of Discourse Interpretation]. Vestn. Tambov. un-ta. Ser.: Gumanitarnye Nauki 6: 24–27. (In Russian)

Podolyan I. Y. (2021) Determinanty kluchevykh paradigm v issledovaniyakh mediaeffectov [Determinants of Key Paradigms in Media Effects Research]. Vestn. Mosk. un-ta. Ser. 10: Zhurnalistika 2: 191–199. DOI: 10.30547/vestnik. journ.2.2021.181199 (In Russian)

Ponomarev N. F. (2010) Freiming mediapovestki dnya i tipologiya mediaframov [Framing the Media Agenda and Typology of Media Frames]. Vestn. Perm. un-ta. Rossijskaya i zarubezhnaya filologiya 3: 62–67. (In Russian)

Raspopova S. S., Pavlova A. N. (2018) Mediaeffecty priminga i freiminga v regional’noj povestke federal’nykh SMI [Media Effects of Priming and Framing in the Regional Agenda of National Media]. Znak: Problemnoye Pole Mediaobrazovaniya 3 (29): 73–82. (In Russian)

Reese S., Shoemaker P. (2016) Media Sociology and the Hierarchy of Influences Model: a Levels-of-Analysis Perspective on the Networked Public Sphere. Mass Communication and Society 19 (4). DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2016.1174268

Scheufele D. A., Tewksbury D. (2007) Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: the Evolution of Three Media Effects Models. Journal of Communication 57 (1): 9–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00326.x

Schutz A., Luckmann T. (1973) The Structures of the Life-World. Northwestern University Press.

Shi-xu (2022) A Cultural Discourse Studies Approach to Communication. World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies 1: 5–23. DOI: 10.30547/worldofmedia.1.2022.1

Shoemaker P. (1991) Gatekeeping. London: SAGE Publications Incorporated.

Tankard J., Hendrickson L., Silberman J. J., Bliss K., Ghanem S. (1991) Media Frames: Approaches to Conceptualization and Measurement. Paper presented to the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Boston.

Tuchman G. (1978). Making News: a Study in the Construction of Reality. New York: Free Press.

van Dijk T. A. (1988) News as Discourse. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Vartanova E. L. (2021 a) K voprosu o subjectnosti conflicta v mediacommunicatcionnoy srede [Towards the Subjectivity of Conflict in the Media and Communication Environment]. MediaAlmanah 3 (104): 8–19. DOI: 10.30547/mediaalmanah.3.2021.818 (In Russian)

Vartanova E. L. (2021 b) Tsyfrovaya zhurnalistika kak novoe pole akademicheskikh issledovaniy [Digital Journalism as a New Field of Academic Investigations]. MediaAlmanah 6 (107): 8–14. (In Russian)

Vartanova E. L. (2022) K voprosu o posledstviyakh tsyfrovoiy transformatsyi mediasredy [Towards the Consequences of Digital Transformation of the Media Environment]. MediaAlmanah 2 (109): 8–14. DOI: 10.30547/mediaalmanah.2.2022.814 (In Russian)

Vartanova E., Gladkova A., Lapin D., Samorodova E., Vikhrova O. (2021) Theorizing the Russian Model of Digital Divide. World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies 1: 5–40. DOI: 10.30547/worldofmedia.1.2021.1

Vereshchagin O. A., Belova N. E. (2017) Freymirovanie i simvolizatsyja v opyte konstruirovaniya social’nykh objektov [Framing and Symbolization in the Experience of Constructing Social Objects]. Vestnik Vyatskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta 8: 13–17. (In Russian)

Viren G. V., Frolova, T. I. (2015) Informacionnye agentstva. Kak sozdayutsya novosti [News Agencies. How News Is Created]. Moscow: Aspekt Press Publ. (In Russian)

Weaver D. H. (2007) Thought on Agenda Setting, Framing, and Priming. Journal of Communication 57 (1): 142–147. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00333.x

Weaver D. H., McCombs M. E., Shaw D. L. (2004) Agenda-Setting Research: Issues, Attributes, and Influences. In L. L. Kaid (ed.) Handbook of Political Communication Research. Mahwah.

White D. M. (1950) The “Gate Keeper”: a Case Study in the Selection of News. Journalism Quarterly 27 (4): 383–390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107769905002700403

Yefanov A. A., Yudina E. N. (2021) Mediaeffecty v sovremennom neoinformatsyonnom obshchestve [Media Effects in Today’s Neoinformation Society]. Kommunikologiya 9 (4): 136–147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21453/2311-3065-2021-9-4-136-147 (In Russian)

To cite this article: Dunas D.V., Salikhova E.A., Tolokonnikova A.V., Babyna D.A. (2022) Ustanovlenie povestki dnya i effekt freyminga: o neobkhodimosti kontseptual'nogo edinstva v mediaissledovaniyakh «tsifrovoy molodezhi» [Agenda Setting and the Framing Effect: on the Need for Conceptual Unity in Media Studies of Digital Youth]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 10. Zhurnalistika 4: 47–78. DOI: 10.30547/vestnik.journ.4.2022.4778