Transformation of ownership structures on the Russian media market in the new economic conditions

Download paper
Sergey S. Smirnov

Dr. Habil in Philological Sciences, Associate Professor at the Chair of Media Theory and Economics, Faculty of Journalism, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; ORCID 0000-0003-0035-5613

e-mail: smirnov_s@rambler.ru

Section: Media Economics

This article examines the restructuring of property relations in the Russian media market, caused by the general sanctions pressure on the country’s economy since 2022, as well as the mass refusal of foreign media companies to engage in most forms of business cooperation. A number of significant cases from various industry segments were examined: magazine and book publishing, pay television and content production, film distribution and online cinemas, music labels and audio streaming, and internet platforms. In each segment, the top five media companies with historical ties to foreign investors or offshore parent organizations were selected. The Rosstat database served as the empirical basis for the study, from which official data for 2021 and 2025 was used for comparison. This resulted in the updated composition of legal entities that have assumed the functions of owners or co-owners of Russian mass media. The author concluded that the changes that have occurred in the area of property management are systemic in nature, and that the domestic media business has effectively entered a new stage of development, relying much less on connections with partners abroad and the presence of structures in offshore jurisdictions.

Keywords: property ties, legal entity, founder, partner, offshore, legislation
DOI: 10.55959/ msu.vestnik.journ.6.2025.323

References:

Andrunas E. Ch. (1986) Biznes i propaganda: sistema kontrolya krupnogo kapitala SSHA nad sredstvami massovoy informatsii [Business and propaganda: the system of control of US big capital over mass media]. Moscow: Moscow St. Univ. Publ. (In Russian)

Bagdikian B. (1987) Monopoliya sredstv informatsii [The Media Monopoly]. Moscow: Progress Publ. (In Russian)

Baker C. E. (2007) Media Concentration and Democracy: Why Ownership matters. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Beglov S. I. (1972) Monopolii slova [Monopolies of the word]. Moscow: Mysl' Publ. (In Russian)

Blinova O. N. (2001) Media-imperii Rossii. Na sluzhbe gosudarstva i «oligarkhii» [Media empires of Russia. In the service of the state and "oligarchy"]. Moscow: Tsentr politicheskoy informatsii Publ. (In Russian)

Compaine B., Gomery D. (2000) Who owns the Media? Competition and Concentration in the Mass Media Industry. New York: Routledge. 

Djankov S. (2003) Who Owns the Media? Journal of Law and Economics 46 (2): 341–381.

Downing J. D. H. (2011) Media Ownership, Concentration, and Control: The Evolution of Debate. In Handbook of Political Economy of Communications. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Pp. 140168.

Doyle G. (2002) Media Ownership: The Economics and Politics of Convergence and Concentration in the UK and European Media. London: Sage Publications.

Ivanitskiy V. L. (2010) Modernizatsiya zhurnalistiki: metodologicheskiy etyud [Modernization of journalism: a methodological etude]. Moscow: Moscow St. Univ. Publ. (In Russian)

Kiriya I. V. (2009) Aktual'nye voprosy teorii mediakapitala [Topical issues of media capital theory]. MediaAl'manakh 6: 16–27. (In Russian)

Makeenko M. I., Kugusheva A. A. (2015) Proyavlenie interesov osnovnykh sobstvennikov v vypuskakh novostey telekanalov (na primere NTV i REN) [Manifestation of the interests of major owners in TV news broadcasts (on the example of NTV and REN)]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 10. Zhurnalistika 1: 3–21. (In Russian)

Schiller H. (1980) Manipulyatory soznaniem [The Mind Managers]. Moscow: Mysl' Publ. (In Russian)

Smirnov S. S. (2010) Federal'nye telekanaly Rossii: nyuansy struktur sobstvennosti [Federal TV channels of Russia: nuances of ownership structures]. In Ekonomika i menedzhment SMI. Ezhegodnik 2010 [Media Economics and Management. Yearbook 2010]. Pp. 106–118. (In Russian)

Smirnov S. S. (2021) Bankovskie struktury na rossiyskom rynke SMI: ekonomicheskie otnosheniya s mediakholdingami [Banking structures in the Russian media market: economic relations with media holdings]. MediaAl'manakh 5: 46–51. (In Russian)

Vartanova E. L. (2014) Postsovetskie transformatsii rossiyskikh SMI i zhurnalistiki [Post-Soviet transformations of Russian media and journalism]. Moscow: MediaMir Publ. (In Russian)


To cite this article: Smirnov S. S. (2025) Transformatsiya struktur sobstvennosti na mediarynke Rossii v novykh ekonomicheskikh usloviyakh [Transformation of ownership structures on the Russian media market in the new economic conditions]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 10. Zhurnalistika 6: 3–23. DOI: 10.55959/msu.vestnik.journ.6.2025.323